Enhancing agricultural and industrial productivity through freshwater withdrawals and management: implications for the BRICS countries

Abstract This paper analysed the effect of freshwater withdrawals and management on agricultural industrial sectors productivity in emerging market economies. The auto-regressive distributed lag model panel analyses were employed our estimations. Our result revealed that Brazil had better water use efficiency production with annual which contribute significantly positively to increase crop livestock index. In contrast, for agriculture considered be least efficient Russia, followed by China India, although, South Africa, suggested an insignificant positive incremental Furthermore, analysis have a significant impact outputs Africa. Similarly, related sector Russia. India appear countries where impacted negatively (and Brazil) outputs. showed associated index BRICS However, magnitude impacts was only sector. Moreover, investments private participation sanitation projects both sectors.